Objective 1: Measuring Matter

1. Why is mass more useful than weight for measuring matter? In my opinion mass is more useful than weight for measuring matter because you can exactly weigh a gas, but you can determine it's mass from the container it is in.

2. A plastic box is 15.3 cm long, 9.0 cm wide and 4.5 cm high. What is the volume? Include units. It is 619.65 cm^3

3. What is the unit of measurement for density? Density can be written as g/cm^3.

4. Please write the formula for finding density. Density is equal to M/V = Mass/Volume = g/cm^3.

5. What is the formula for finding volume? Volume's formula is lwh or in other words length times width times height.

Objective 2: Changes in Matter

1. What is the main difference between a physical change and a chemical change? To quote Wikipedia, "A physical change is any change not involving a change in the substance's chemical identity." So in other words the substance simply changes in something like mass or weight.
A chemical change is just about the exact opposite. In a chemical change you are dealing with chemical energy, which includes handling the bonds between atoms.

I hope that covers the basics for that question.

2. What are the four ways that chemical changes can occur? They can occur in a precipitate experiment, when the color changes, the smell changes and when the temperature changes.

3. What is the Law of Conservation of Mass? Who created the law? To quote Yahoo Answers "Mass cannot be created or destroyed." And it was created by the great Lavoisier. (I'm sorry I keep quoting sites and people, but sometimes it's hard to put these answers in a phrase of words that makes sense!)

4. How are temperature and thermal energy different? From what I've read here on the wonderful yet horrible internet the main difference is best expressed with two diagrams:

Hope you can read that! :)

5. Please give an example of an exothermic reaction and an endothermic reaction. Exothermic reactions are reactions that emit heat, while endothermic emit the opposite; cold particles. One example of an exothermic reaction is the digestive system; examples of an endothermic reactions are the hot/cold packs that just about everyone used at one in our life to treat a sports injury or pain.

Objective 3: Energy and Matter

1. What are some of the forms of energy related to changes in matter? Chemical and thermal are two. Chemical = the changing of an object's molecular structure, thus its matter changes while thermal energy could result in something such as ice cream literally changing states of matter.

2. A rolling bowling ball has kinetic energy. (As well as potential and a few others such as thermal [if it is rolling in the sun].)

3. A bowling ball sitting still has (mainly) potential energy.

4. What is electromagnetic energy? Electromagnetic energy is energy of radiation. "When Maxwell’s TV is on it emits low levels of radiation or electromagnetic energy. Electromagnetic energy is basically defined as one of the four “fundamental interactions of nature” to quote Wikipedia. Electromagnetic energy is the energy of radiation, and deals with electric and magnetic fields. Electromagnetic energy is the energy that holds the very bonds inside of atoms together. Without it Maxwell would cease to exist." (Taken from my test question from this week.)

5. What is the energy of electrons moving from one place to another? Please give an example. The energy of traveling electrons is electricity! When Maxwell turns on the TV he is presenting an example of electrical energy. (Taken from my test question from this week.)

Objective 4: State Changes

1. How does the thermal energy of particles at a warmer temperature compare to the thermal energy of particles at a cooler temperature? On a warm day the thermal energy from the sun heats the air particles and makes the them become very hyper, while when it is a cool day the particles are slower because they have less thermal energy generated by the sun. Note that thermal energy is measured (like temperature) in the average.

2. Why does ice cream melt on a warm summer day? Ice cream melts on a warm summer day because: solidified ice cream matter absorbs some of the air's thermal energy and its particles become a bit more "hyper." This causes the state of matter to change from a solid to a liquid in the heat, and if you observed it long enough as a puddle on the sidewalk, you'd see that it would then vaporize and become a gas.

3. What does the melting point of particles have to do with vibrating particles? Particles vibrate and are "hyper" when they have melted and then vaporized, becoming gases.

4. When does condensation occur? Condensation occurs when the air particles on the outside of a glass are cooler than the substance within the glass (or vice versa); this creates water droplets to form on the outside of the glass.

5. Sublimation results under which conditions? If the triple point pressure is higher than atmospheric, then it is solid ---> gas. If the triple poiint pressure is less than atmospheric

pressure, then the reaction is solid ---> liquid ---> gas.

Objective 5: Boyle’s Law (Click Here for More Info)

1. What relationship is described by Boyle’s Law? Boyle's law states that when pressure increases, volume decreases; when volume increases pressure decreases. I look at it like a giant see-saw, with P on one side and V on the other. When one goes up in the air the other has no choice but to fall to earth. This law is called an inverse relationship.

2. Why do scientists only HALF fill high-altitude balloons? Scientists fill atomospheric balloons only half way because when they go farther up in the atomosphere the presure on the inside of the ballon increases. If scientists were to fill them up all the way- they'd pop before they gathered any information.

See my Friday the 12th test for further details on why they expand.

3. What is the formula for Boyle’s Law? Boyle's formula is: PV=K.

4. How does Boyle’s Law apply to physicians? One example of this applying to physicians is when they take blood pressure. We've all had them do it to us once or twice - so we all know what happens. They put a cuff on your arm and squeeze the pump- expanding the volume of the cuff and applying a greater amount of presure to your arm. So as the volume of the cuff goes up the amount of preasure on your arm goes up and vice versa.

5. SCUBA divers rely on Boyle’s Law for what purposes? As SACUBA divers (like my dad!) go father under water the amount of preasure on them increases. It is important for them to have commpressed air tanks because of this. The deeper they go the less "air" there is in their tanks. This is important because if they do not regulate and watch their "presure dials" carefully they could drown.

Objective 6: Charles’ Law (Click Here for More Info)

1. What is Charles’ Law? Charle's law states that when volume goes down, temperature goes down and the other way around.

2. As the temperature of a gas increases, the gas molecules move more quickly.

3. Who was the first person to fly in a hydrogen balloon? J.A.C. Charles of course.

4. What happened to Charles’ balloon after his first flight in 1783? When Charles's first hydrogen balloon took flight it stayed up in the air for about an hour- then landed about 15 miles from Paris where a group of terrified peasants attacked it. :D Isn't that a bit odd? They thought it was some kind of evil demon! Latter on King Louis XVI had to create a decree that explained to the peasants what the balloons were and NOT TO ATTACK THEM.

5. What factor is kept unchanged when demonstrating Charles’ Law? In Charles's law pressure must remain constant.

www.worldofteaching.com/powerpoints/chemistry/Charles_%20Law.ppt